PCOS

PCOS or polycystic ovary syndrome is hormonal disorder that affects women of reproductive age. It is characterized by enlarged ovaries with small cysts, irregular menstrual cycles, and high levels of androgens (male hormones) in the body.

It is named after the appearance of small cysts on the ovaries, which are fluid-filled sacs. However, the presence of these cysts is not necessary for diagnosis.

In PCOS, there is an imbalance in certain hormones, such as insulin and androgens (male hormones). This imbalance can cause various symptoms and problems. Some common signs of PCOS include irregular periods, excessive hair growth (hirsutism), acne, and weight gain. However, not all women with PCOS experience all these symptoms.

PCOS can also affect fertility and increase the risk of developing other health conditions, such as type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, and heart disease. Therefore, it is crucial to manage PCOS to prevent these complications.

The exact cause of PCOS is not known, but genetics and insulin resistance (difficulty in using insulin effectively) play a role. Insulin resistance can cause the body to produce more insulin, which can lead to higher androgen levels and disrupt the normal menstrual cycle.

PCOS requires a comprehensive and holistic approach to address the increased insulin resistance, high androgen and inflammatory state, as well as to regulate menstrual cycles.